RS232 serial communication is an ancient, low speed, reliable standard. Each of about 100 characters (a, b, c, 1, 2, 3.) has a one-byte ASCII code. These are transmitted as 8 consecutive low and high logic levels, with a few framing bits as well.
RS232 serial communication is an ancient. And type characters that will be transmitted to your PIC. The CCS IDE has a built-in text window for this. In this tutorial I will discuss how to practically do a simple communication over RS232 interface of the PIC Microcontroller.
Baud rate refers to the number of bits/second. A typical baud rate is 19200, which is about 10000 times slower than USB.
The original teletype machines were 110 baud. Read more about RS232 on wikipedia. All desktop and laptop computers used to have a serial or 'COM' port, available through a male DB-9 connector. These are getting less common on newer computers. However you can get an inexpensive 'USB to Serial Adapter' cable which makes a COM port available, once you install some driver software to support the adapter cable.
The 18F4520 PIC has a built-in UART for transmitting and receiving characters on RS232 standard. After you make the hardware connection -- the PIC's transmit pin sends to the PC/laptop's receive pin and vice versa -- you can open a text window on the PC/laptop and see whatever your PIC program prints, and type characters that will be transmitted to your PIC. The CCS IDE has a built-in text window for this purpose, shown at the bottom of this page. You can also use Hyperterminal, which actually works somewhat better. It is a Windows ap usually found at Programs/Accessories/Communications/Hyperterminal. You can also set up your PIC to communicate with a on a host PC.
We have two different kinds of cables for PC to PIC RS232 communication: the FTDIChip TTL-232R (preferred) and a cheaper USB to RS232 cable. The TTL-232R is preferred because you can easily plug it into a protoboard and you don't need any other components to interface with your PIC. It also provides +5V output from the PC which you can use to power other devices, such as an xbee radio (just need a 3.3V regulator). The cheaper cable requires you to solder a DB-9 connector and use an external level-shifter chip, to shift between the high voltages used by the PC and the lower TTL voltages used by the PIC. These two solutions are discussed below. FTDIChip TTL-232R USB to RS232 Cable. The FTDIChip TTL-232R USB to RS232 cable (pictured at right), when used with the, allows you to use your USB port as an RS232 port.
You can find a manual for the cable. You connect the cable's Tx (transmit data) pin with your PIC's Rx (receive data, pin 26), the cable's Rx pin with your PIC's Tx (pin 25), and the cable's ground with the PIC's ground, and you're all set. The circuitry inside the cable takes care of the USB to RS232 as well as voltage-level shifting. This cable also provides a 5V output which you can use to power an xbee wireless modem, for example (the xbee needs a 3.3V regulator). The only drawback of this cable is that it costs a bit more than the cheaper, less convenient option below.
Also, please check to make sure that the USB-RS232 driver software does not interfere with your PIC's ICD driver software. Wiring to your PIC The TTL-232R cable has six wires, color coded and in this sequence on the SIP connector: BLACK GROUND Connect to PIC ground. BROWN CTS# Unused. 'Clear to send' (flow control).
RED Vcc +5V from PC.!! DO NOT CONNECT TO PIC +5!! ORANGE Tx 'PC Transmit.' Data from PC, to PIC Rx (pin 26). YELLOW Rx 'PC Receive.'
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Data from PIC Tx (pin 25), to PC. GREEN RTS# Unused. 'Request to send' (flow control).
Note that the TTL-232R cable gives you access to the PC's +5 supply (Red wire), which is limited in current (probably to 500mA) by the USB port which is designed to protect from short circuits. If you wish, you can probably power your PIC from the PC, using USB as a power source. If you do that, get rid of any other +5 source. Don't connect two +5 sources at once. In contrast, be sure that you do connect the PIC's ground to the PC's ground (Black wire). The HL-340 USB to RS232 Cable.
Cables such as the HL-340 pictured at right can be bought for as low as a few dollars, on ebay for example. This cable serves the same purpose as the cable above, but it is a bit less convenient for a few reasons: (1) the RS232 voltages are high level (+12V and -7V) and must be level-shifted before interfacing with the PIC; (2) the cable breaks out into a DB-9 connector, so you have to have (or solder) your own connector; and (3) it doesn't provide +5V to power external devices, as the cable above does. Nonetheless, it works just fine; just install the driver at and make sure you follow the instructions below.
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Do I need to hook up all 9 pins? No, you only need three: transmit, receive, and ground. The rest have purposes but are seldom used any more.